Corrections, Retractions, and Withdrawals

Corrections

JRISA may issue a correction when a published article contains an error that affects interpretation, attribution, metadata, or other meaningful aspects of the scholarly record but does not invalidate the article as a whole. Corrections should be clearly linked to the original article.

Retractions

An article may be retracted when there is evidence that findings are unreliable because of misconduct or major error, plagiarism, unethical research, duplicate publication, fabricated data, or other serious integrity concerns. A retraction notice should explain the reason while preserving an appropriate scholarly record.

Withdrawals

Withdrawal before publication may be permitted when justified. Published articles should not normally disappear from the scholarly record without an explanatory notice.